Here I will compare main 3D renderers for PC.
PlayStation has its own renderer and XBox is using DirectX.
For Nintendo Switch, you can use OpenGL and Vulkan.
OpenGL
OpenGL.orgOperating systems (GLFW): There also was PSGL for PlayStation 3 but there is no followup for PlayStation 4.
Old
1992 - 2008At this time, we had no custom shaders or buffers. All shaders were predefined. For rendering you had to write all vertex data on separate lines startign with
glBegin(...);
and ending with glEnd();
glTexCoord2f(...);
glColor4f(...);
glNormal3f(...);
glVertex3f(...);
Modern
2008 - nowModern OpenGL means that we can use buffers for render and write our own shaders.
Tutorials:
- OpenGL-Tutorial (OpenGL 3.3 and newer)
- Learn OpenGL (Modern OpenGL)
- Open.GL (OpenGL 3.2 and newer)
3.0
2008OpenGL 3.0 was first Modern OpenGL which came with some difficulties which were fixed in 3.2 and 3.3
3.3
2010Considered to by
Minimum Modern OpenGL Versionnot only because of new version of shaders but also because better support of buffers.
4.X
2010OpenGL added more features which used to be in extensions and now can be used for easier development and optimization and Tessellation support.
Vulkan
2016Khronos.org/vulkan
Operating systems:
Vulkan is not OpenGL 5 because OpenGL is still in development. It can be compared to DirectX 12 with features and to OpenGL with compatibility and platforms.
DirectX
1995 - nowDirectXUpdate.com
Operating systems:
8
2000, Windows 2000DirectX 8 can be compared to Modern OpenGL because it was a huge step in 3D render.
It came with first version(s) of shaders.
9
2002, Windows XPYou can compare DirectX 8 to 9 here or here.
Direct X 9 brought Shader 2.0 with increased number of instructions which was extremely increased in Direct X 9.0c and Shader 3.0.
10
2006, Windows VistaDirectX 10 is officially Major Update.
It came with DirectX 9 compatibility and (again) new version of Shader (4.0) which changed structure of graphics chips.
11
2009, Windows VistaDirectX 11 also has support for DirectX 9 (and 10) and introduced (better) multithreading.
There also came Tessellation support.
12
2015, Windows 10DirectX came with better optimizations which also applies for Virtual reality.
Used Sources
Wikipedia
OpenGLVulkan
DirectX
Stack Overflow
What's so different about OpenGL 3.x?Difference between OpenGL 3.x and 4.X?
Which consoles may I target with OpenGL?
Transferring my OpenGL PC game to PS4 and/or XBox One